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Believe it or not, there was once a time without Internet. In fact, for the larger part of our human history, we have thrived without the Internet. But, since about 2000, the Internet has been a crucial part of our existence. And today, with children and young adults growing up in this environment, the Internet has been a source of all that is good and bad. The purpose of this article is to highlight some possible factors in determining if a teenager you know is addicted to the Internet.

Teenagers & The Internet

In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the 'Classic' Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software.The system, rebranded 'Mac OS' in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Oct 31, 2013 This User Tip is designed for Mac's that are capable of running OS X Snow Leopard (10.6) to any Mac running OS X Lion (10.7) or Mountain Lion. (10.8) The Steps appear to work also in OS X Mavericks (10.9) at this time. Some words: The Steps are numbered, if instructed, then just jump to do that Step or run through them in a process of elimination.

Recent research from the Pew Institute concluded that around 95% of teenagers have access to a smart phone, with near 45% stating they use the Internet “almost constantly”. Although these numbers are not surprising, they call attention to the massive obsession that is the Internet. With majority of human connection, entertainment, and information originating online, it is important to create and maintain healthy boundaries for our children and teenagers.

I suggest that one should at least know the OS at novice admin level before assigning oneself the title 'guru.' No need for Dameware (see above) nor OS X Server necessarily, but it could well (OS X Server) meet your needs and/or be leveraged at least for creating Profiles. Reset Jupyter Notebook password using the below command on terminal. Jupyter notebook password. Problem2: If you are not using the TensorFlow version 1.4 then it will raise an exception and will stop the execution. So remove the version checking command from the above code. Or upgrade the TensorFlow to latest version using. Double-click the “Install Mac OS X” icon and progress through the installer until you get to the screen that says “Mac OS X will be install on” Click the Show All Disks button and select your USB flash drive. Click on the Customize button and a new window will appear. Un-check all of the items except “Essential System Software.”.

Signs of Addiction

While addiction is an extremely personal and heavy topic, we will list some obvious signs that could elude to internet addiction. Keep in mind we are not medical doctors, nor do we believe that any external resource has the capacity to prove if someone is an addict or not. Nevertheless, if you are struggling with one or more of these, you may be subject to an Internet addiction.

• Spending countless hours online

This is a rather simplistic sign. However, if you continuously spend aimless hours online, without an apparent goal (research, speaking with family, etc.) you may have a problem.

• Inability to get off the Internet

When you begin arriving late to appointments, missing quality time with friends or family, skipping meals, etc. you may be suffering from an online addiction.

• Feeling of Euphoria

If you experience an immediate feeling of euphoria when getting online (or the thought of getting online), you could be struggling with an addiction.

• Isolation

Isolation is a key factor in determining the severity of your case. Avoiding social interactions, especially for the purpose of using the Internet, is a prominent indication that things are getting out of control.

Emotional Signs

Emotional signs are just as important as the physical signs in determining a problem. Below are some emotional signs that could exist for someone with an online addiction.

• Depression
• Loss of sense of time
• Guilt/Shame
• Agitation
• Boredom
• Loneliness
• Anxiety
• Mood Swings

Boundaries

The Internet can be a necessary force in providing resources for us. With that being said, we must create a determining line that separates legitimate online research from using the Internet to fuel an obsession. The best way to determine this is by asking the following question: Is the time on the Internet directly involved in a project, communication, or something beneficial to us?

Tips on Creating Boundaries

Setting boundaries can allow us to function normally (because the Internet is needed for most of the modern world) without being unhealthy. Here are some quick tips to practice setting boundaries for an Internet addiction:

• Limit the time on devices

If you are only allowed a specific amount of hours per day on the Internet, you would learn to use your time wisely. Plus, the remaining hours would be reinforcement that we do not need the Internet to be happy.

• Be honest with yourself

The key to change, at any level, requires a level of honesty with oneself. If you are able to honestly say to yourself, “I have a problem with an Internet addiction” then you are on your way to freedom.

• Be Clear with others

It’s important to be clear with your friends and family about your issues. If you prioritize your health, you will avoid tempting areas, people, and destinations.

• Practice

You cannot expect to completely change overnight. So, be patient with yourself or your loved one. The one thing that matters is the willingness to move forward.

The Seriousness of Internet Addiction

I know countless individuals, myself included, that would scoff at the idea of people being addicted to the Internet, social media, or video games. However, after much consideration, studying factual evidence, and meeting with teenage parents, I have seen this as a legitimately devastating issue that will only continue to grow.

The issue of Internet addiction is not specific to the problems associated with constant involvement online- antisocial, lazy, anxious. The biggest challenge is the application of the problem with Internet addiction. What I mean, is that when people become addicted to a source of self fulfilment, especially one that provides little physical rewards, they are subject to an entire new set of issues.

For instance, some may develop eating habits, drug addiction, or serious anxiety problems. According to Sober Living company Real Deal, almost half of their residents suffer from other addictions. Some even include addiction to video games, pornography, and gambling sites. So, an Internet addiction may not be exclusive to the Internet.

Conclusion

While there is no reality in which the Internet will not exist, it is possible to practice healthy behaviors. Step one is understanding whether or not someone truly has a problem. Step two would be to ask for help. Step three and beyond is a constant application to change behaviors, attitudes, and perspective. It is much better for us to identify the potential of Internet addiction today to save our children tomorrow.

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Will Styler

Assistant Teaching Professor - UC San Diego

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This was originally posted on my blog, Notes from a Linguistic Mystic in 2007, but is kept updated here for the internet’s use. At this point, it works for any version of MacOS including 11.1 ’Big Sur'. The last update was January 2021. See all posts

As a linguist, you find yourself using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) incredibly frequently. Some of the characters are easy enough to use without any special work (ŋ, ə), as most fonts already include them. However, to get the more cool/obscure characters and diacritics, or to stack diacritics (placing, for instance, a tone marking above a nasal marking), you need special fonts, layouts and setup. In this post, I’m going to explain, as simply as possible, how to go about finding the files and setting this up, all without paying a dime for specialty software.

Getting the fonts and layout

The beauty of this method is that it uses software built into Mac OS X, and that you can use IPA fonts in any application that supports Unicode (translation: lots of them), not just specific programs. You also don’t need to install a separate program to clutter up your computer, just a few free fonts and a keyboard layout. So, here’s your freeware shopping list:

Necessary files:

1. Charis SIL IPA Font - The best free IPA font out there (in my opinion) because it has bold, italic, and all sorts of other characters outside of IPA. The download link is around halfway down the page, grab the file with “(Windows, Macintosh and Linux)” next to it. Thanks to the Summer Institute of Linguistics, it’s completely free!

2. The Unicode IPA Keyboard Layout for OS X - SIL has created a comprehensive and modern version with every key you can imagine and more at The IPA-SIL key layout site. This layout is excellent as it allows you to type regularly, but by using “deadkeys” (a key that you press before another which chooses the output), you can add any IPA key you’d like. Make sure you have the latest version (1.5, at time of update) installed, as some strange encoding issues were happening with newer OSes and version 1.4.

Optional Extra IPA fonts:

1. Doulos SIL - A differently styled IPA font from SIL, missing the bold and italic forms that Charis has. Install this at the same time you install the Charis SIL font below, using the same instructions.

2. SILIPA93 Fonts - These are desperately outdated, but occasionally necessary when reading other people’s old IPA. Install this at the same time you install the Charis SIL font below, using the same instructions.

So, download save them to your desktop (or a location of your choosing), and then proceed to the next step.

Power User’s Summary: Download the Charis SIL IPA Font and the IPA-SIL keyboard Layout from the above links and save them someplace you can find them.

Installing the font and keyboard layout

Now, double-click the CharisSIL(version).zip file that you saved to your desktop. It’ll unzip into a similarly named folder on your desktop. Take the CharisSILfontdocumentation.pdf file and move it to a safe place, it’s a handy guide to have around, and feel free to take a look at the readme and license files in the folder.

It’s time to install the font and layout themselves:

1. If you’re using OS X 10.7 “Lion” or later, Apple has hidden the /Users/yourname/Library (~/Library) folder from you by default. If you’re on Mavericks or later (10.9+), go to your Home folder (/Users/yourname) and then to the “View” menu, then “Show View Options”, then check “Show Library Folder”. Otherwise, you can use “Go” -> “Go to Folder” and type in (~/Library).

2. Place the four font files from the folder (CharisSILB.ttf, CharisSILBI.ttf, CharisSILI.ttf, CharisSILR.ttf) along with any of the optional fonts you’re installing into the ~/Library/Fonts folder (the “Fonts” folder inside the “Library” folder in your user directory.

3. Now, the layout. First, Double click “IPA-MACkbd.dmg” on your desktop. Now click the newly opened “Keyboard” Disk Image on the desktop and examine the contents.

4. Save “IPA Unicode (some version numbers) MAC Keyboard.pdf”! In fact, frame it. Wallpaper your wall with copies of it. Get a version tattooed on your chest. Just make sure you have it. Without this, you’ll have trouble figuring out exactly which keypresses result in which characters, and this method won’t work very well at all.

5. Now, drag “IPA Unicode (Version) MAC.keylayout” into the “Keyboard Layouts” in your username/Library folder. Also, if there is no “Keyboard Layouts” folder, you might have to create it yourself (File -> New Folder, then name it “Keyboard Layouts”)

6. You’re done! You might want to restart your computer, then everything will be all set.

Power User’s Summary: Install the font into /Users/you/Library/Fonts, and put the keyboard layout into /Users/you/Library/Keyboard Layouts. Make sure to save “IPA Unicode (version) MAC Keyboard.pdf” from the layout folder someplace accessible. Restart.

Setting up IPA Text Input on OS X 10.6-10.8

Once you’ve restarted, go to the System Preferences Application. Click the “Language and Text” (“International” on older versions), then, click the “Input Sources” (or “Input Menu”) tab inside the Language and Text Pane, and you’ll be presented with a window like this:

In this window, make sure and select “Keyboard & Character Viewer” (to see what symbols are where at a glance) and “Show input menu in menu bar”. Also, feel free to change the shortcut to switch input methods to make things faster for you down the road.

Setting up IPA Text Input on OS X 10.9 or higher

Once you’ve restarted, go to the System Preferences Application. Click the “Keyboard” Option. First, check “Show Keyboard and Character Viewers in the Menu Bar”, then, click the “Input Sources” (or “Input Menu”) tab inside the Keyboard Pane.

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Then, click the “+” button in the bottom left of the window, Choose “Others” in the left pane, and then “IPA Unicode 6.2(v.X)”, and check “Show input menu in menu bar”.

Also, feel free to change the shortcut to switch input methods to make things faster for you down the road, under “Shortcuts”.

/hɛloʊ wɜ˞ld/!

Now that you’ve done that, you should have a little American flag in your menu bar. Congratulations! You’re now set up to use the IPA on your mac.

To test it out, fire up any text editor (OpenOffice, TextEdit, or even MS Word, if you insist) and open a document. Be very sure to select Charis SIL for your font in the document.

Now, click the little menu in the menubar and select IPA Unicode (Version) MAC:

Start typing and you’ll find yourself typing IPA symbols! You’ll slowly learn the reasonably intuitive set of key sequences (e.g: > then n for Angma, > then r for Alveolar Tap), and soon, you’ll be typing in IPA nearly effortlessly in nearly any application.

“But I don’t use IPA that often, and can’t memorize the keystrokes!”

Since Mavericks (10.9), Apple has stealthily included another way to input IPA characters which is far less efficient for regular, long-form IPA entry, but good if all you need is the occasional character. To enable this option, first, go through the steps above to get the font and keyboard set up, making extra sure to enable “Show input menu in menu bar”.

Once you’ve done this, go to the little input menu in the menu bar, then click “Show Emoji and Symbols”. To enable IPA, click the Gear in the top left corner of that window, then “Customize List”, then scroll down and check the box for “Phonetic Alphabet”.

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Now, you can use that symbol picker menu to insert IPA by clicking “Phonetic Alphabet” and double-clicking the character you’d like. To add diacritics, just click the base character, then the diacritic which modifies it. Again, though, this will only work when you’re using an IPA-friendly font.

Using IPA in the Mac OS X World

With either of these methods, you can use IPA in any application, from email to messages, and it should display fine for any of your linguist friends who have suitable fonts installed.

That said, Microsoft Word, even the latest (2015) version, doesn’t always play nicely with this sort of input. I’d highly recommend that if you have troubles, you try using TextEdit (built in), Pages, or the free Office suite for OS X, LibreOffice, all of which I’ve tried and know to work fairly well. If you’re serious about IPA, though, and want your work to look good, there’s only one approach, which is to use TeX. It’s complicated, with a sharp initial learning curve, but with XeLaTeX (which allows Unicode entry) and this keyboard layout and font, you’ll have absolutely flawless IPA, all with all the numerous other benefits of using TeX.

But the very least, you should be able to copy/paste your IPA text into a word document, or hopefully even make the switch entirely to a better word processor. Although MS Word may be the most well known word processor, it’s far from being the best on OS X, and I highly encourage you to check out all the options.

Regardless, thanks to these free and open source fonts and layouts, you’ll never need to write a Word macro again on OS X. /oʊ, wʌɾə wʌndə˞fl̩ wɜ˞ld/!

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